The prevention and treatment of viral respiratory disorders
A briefing from the Board of Science
September 2007
Editorial board
A publication from BMA Science & Education Department and the BMA Board of Science
| Chair, Board of Science |
Professor Sir Charles George |
| Director of Professional Activities |
Professor Vivienne Nathanson |
| Head of Science & Education |
Dr Caroline Seddon |
| Project manager |
Nicky Jayesinghe |
| Research & writing |
Dr Joseph Kirkman |
Introduction
Respiratory viruses are the cause of the most frequent acute illnesses in the world. [see reference 1] Although these illnesses are mild in the majority of patients, they are a leading cause of morbidity and even mortality in certain groups or populations. Their transmission is exceedingly easy, and treatment is difficult.
Viruses are more easily spread in areas where there are large numbers of people in close proximity, such as densely populated areas, on public transport, in schools, or busy shopping centres. In an age where global travel is becoming increasingly accessible, air travel can significantly accelerate the pandemic spread of infectious diseases such as influenza. [see reference 2] This is primarily due to the ease of global movement of infection, although consideration should also be paid to the ease of spread on aeroplanes due to the recycling and drying of the air onboard.
Hygienic practices can significantly reduce the amount of viral transmission and therefore slow down the growth of epidemics.
It is likely that attitudes to, and knowledge of, infectious diseases, such as the viruses which cause the common cold and influenza, vary greatly throughout the UK, with sections of the population being more complacent and less well informed about the health rationale for hygienic practice.
While a great deal of information about the common cold, influenza and other respiratory disorders is available via the internet and in publications, much of this information is technical and difficult to access. Raising awareness of the information and policies which are largely already in place, will allow for a better equipped and more knowledgeable population, encouraging personal responsibilities and engendering a culture more adequately equipped and motivated to self care.
This briefing discusses the viruses that cause respiratory disorders such as the common cold and influenza. It includes information about the viruses (including lifespan and structure); how they are spread and the ways in which this can be avoided; as well as methods of illness prevention and symptom relief. The risk of pandemic influenza infection is also discussed.